Home-Based Management of Covid-19 and Covid-19 Like Illnesses: The Nigerian Experience

Abstract

The containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires early treatment protocols which are absent in many countries. Sub-Saharan African countries have used off-label home-based remedies for mild-moderate symptoms of COVID-19. This study sought to evaluate the home-based remedies used by Nigerians and determine their effects on subsequent COVID-19 morbidities. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. Electronic self-administered questionnaires were filled out via the internet by individuals with suspected/ confirmed COVID-19 illnesses. Data analyses were done with Microsoft Excel® and SPSS® version 20. Of the 217 questionnaires received, 51 (23.5%) questionnaires were completely filled by individuals with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. The majority of COVID-19 illnesses were self-diagnosed (n=33/51, 58.9%). Extreme body weakness (n=43/51, 84%), headaches (n=38/51, 75%), and fever (n=36/51, 71%) were the most prominent symptoms. Azithromycin, Zinc, Ivermectin, and Vitamins C and E (mostly used in combination) were the popular home-based remedies used and were well tolerated. Azithromycin ± Zinc had a significant impact on the mean COVID-19 days (P-value 0.01). Steroid use was significantly associated with both subsequent hospitalization and post-COVID-19 complications (P-value <0.05). Higher mean COVID-19 days were observed with increasing age (r=0.31, P-value 0.02). Home-based remedies for early treatment of COVID-19 among Nigerians are not uncommon. These remedies reduced post-COVID-19 complications, rebound COVID-19, and COVID-19 hospitalizations.