Ameliorative Effects of Aqueous Extract of Avocado Pear Seed on Castor Oil Induced Diarrhea in Experimental Animals
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases affect billions of people globally and is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years. Despite the efforts of governmental and non-governmental organizations to prevent or cure this disease, the burden of diarrheal diseases continues to be high. Therefore, there is need to further discover effective antidiarrheal drugs that are readily available and cheap to obtain with little or no side effects. Herbs and natural products have been used in the treatment of diarrhea; hence this study was carried out to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of avocado pear seed (AEAPS) on castor oil induced diarrhea in experimental animals. Fifty female Wistar rats weighing 100 – 120 g were used. The antidiarrheal effects of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of AEAPS was carried out by investigating its effect on; faecal pellet output, castor oil induced diarrhea, intestinal enteropooling and intestinal transit time of charcoal meal. Result showed that 400mg kg and 600 mg/kg AEAPS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of faecal pellets from rats and the number of wet faecal pellets in castor oil induced diarrhea. The AEAPS at a dose of 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and loperamide significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited intestinal enteropooling by 69.37%, 57.66% and 72.07% respectively. The treatments also significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited intestinal transit by 21.75%, 21.45% and 24.96% respectively relative to the that in castor oil treated rats. The results suggest that AEAPS possess antidiarrheal effects that it exerts through antisecretory and antimotility mechanisms.
Metrics
Article Details
References
Dadonaite B, Ritchie H, Roser M. "Diarrheal diseases". Published online at OurWorldInData.org 2020. Retrieved from: 'https://ourworldindata.org/diarrheal-diseases' on 26th April 2020 [Online Resource].
Melese B, Paulos W, Astawesegn FH, Gelgelu TB. Prevalence of diarrheal diseases and associated factors among under-five children in Dale District, Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19: 1235. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7579-2.
World Health organization. Diarrhoea diseases 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease. [Last accessed on 2020 April 26]
Thiam S, Diène AN, Fuhrimann S, Winkler MS, Sy I, Ndione JA, et al. Prevalence of diarrhoea and risk factors among children under five years old in Mbour, Senegal: A cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6: 109.
Omole VN, Wamyil-Mshelia TM, Aliyu-Zubair R, Audu O, Gobir AA, Nwankwo B. Knowledge and prevalence of diarrheal disease in a suburban community in north western Nigeria. Sahel Med J 2019; 22(3): 114-20.
Peter AK and Umar U. Combating diarrhoea in Nigeria: the way forward. J Microbiol Exp 2018;6(4): 191-197. DOI: 10.15406/jmen.2018.06.00213.
Makomane M, Kasvosve I, de Melo E, Pernica JM, Goldfarb DM. The global problem of childhood diarrhoeal diseases: emerging strategies in prevention and management. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2018; 5(1): 29–43.
Adeniyi OS, Omale J, Omeje SC, Edino VO. Antidiarrheal activity of hexane extract of Citrus limonpeel in an experimental animal model. J Integr Med 2017; 15(2): 158–164.
Igboeli N, Onyeto CA, Okorie AN, Mbaoji FN, Nwabunike IA, Alagboso DI. Antidiarrheal activity of methanol leaf extract of LophiraLanceolataTiegh(Ochnaeceae). Merit Res. J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol 2015; 3(4):059-064.
Kola-Mustapha AT, Ghazali YO, Ayotunde HT, Atunwa SA, Usman SO. Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of the leaf extract of Parquetinanigrescens and formulation into oral suspensions. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11: 65—72.
FokamTagne MA, Rékabi Y, Noubissi PA, Fankem GO, Akaou H, Wambe Het al . Evaluation of Antidiarrheal Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Anogeissusleiocarpus on Castor Oil- Induced Diarrhea in Rats. Am J Biomed Sci & Res 2019; 3(1); 27-34. AJBSR.MS.ID.000629. DOI: 10.34297/AJBSR.2019.03.000629.
Ezejiofor AN, Okorie A, Orisakwe OE. Hypoglycaemic and Tissue-Protective Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Persea Americana Seeds on Alloxan-Induced Albino Rats. Malays J Med Sci 2013; 20(5): 31–39.
Adel Abdel-Moneim A, Osama MA, Hanaa IF, Eman EM. The Preventive Effects of Avocado Fruit and Seed Extracts on Cardio-nephrotoxicity Induced by Diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminoflurine in Wistar Rats. Basic Sci Med 2017; 6(1): 4-13. doi: 10.5923/j.medicine.20170601.02.
Ding H, Chin YW, Kinghorn AD, D’Ambrosio SM. Chemopreventive characteristic of avocado fruit. Semin Cancer Biol 2007; 17:386-394.
Noorul H, Nesar A, Zafar K, Khalid M, Zeeshan A, Vartika S. Health benefits and pharmacology of Persea americana mill. (Avocado). IJRPP 2016; 5(2):132-141.
Dabas D, Elias RJ,Ziegler GR, Lambert JD.In Vitro Antioxidant and Cancer Inhibitory Activity of a Colored Avocado Seed Extract. Int J Food Sci 2019. Article ID 6509421, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6509421.
Yasir M, Das S, Kharya MD. The phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Persea americana Mill. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4(7): 77–84. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65332.
Alhassan AJ, Sule MS, Atiku MK, Wudil AM, Abubakar H, Mohammed SA (2012). Effects of aqueous avocado pear (Persea americana) seed extract on alloxan induced diabetes rats. Greener J Med Sci 2012; 2(1): 005-011.
Padilla-Camberos E, Martínez-Velázquez M, Flores-Fernández JM, Villanueva-Rodríguez S. Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Avocado Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass). Sci World J 2013. Article ID 245828, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/245828.
Tenorio JAB, do Monte DS, da Silva TMG, da Silva TG, Ramos CS. Solanum paniculatum root extract reduces diarrhea in rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2016; 26(3): 375–378. doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2016.02.003
Verma N, Singh AP, Gupta A, Sahu PK, Rao CV. Antidiarrheal potential of standardized extract of Rhododendron arboreum Smith flowers in experimental animals. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43(6): 689-693. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.89827.
Tunaru S, Althoff TF, Nüsing RM, Diener M, Offermanns S. Castor oil induces laxation and uterus contraction via ricinoleic acid activating prostaglandin EP 3 receptors. PNAS Early Ed 2012 p. 1-6.
Egbuonu AC, Opara IC, Onyeabo C, Uchenna NO. Proximate, Functional, Antinutrient and Antimicrobial Properties of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) Seeds. J Nutr Health Food Eng 2018; 8(1): 00260. DOI: 10.15406/jnhfe.2018.08.00260
Omolara OO, Friday ON, Chinelo MO. Comparative Study of the Constituents of the Fruits Pulps and Seeds of Canarium ovatum, Persea Americana and Dacryodes Edulis. Jordan J Chem 2017; 12(2): 113-125.
Longanga OA, Vercruysse A, Foriers A. Contribution to the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of traditionally used medicinal plant in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in Lomela area, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71:411–23.
Zayede D, Mulaw T, Kahaliw WAntidiarrheal Activity of Hydromethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of ClutiaabyssinicaJaub. & Spach. (Euphorbiaceae) in Mice. Evidence-Based Complement Alternat Med 2020. Article ID 5416749, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5416749
Hughes S, Higgs NB, Turnberg LA (1982) Antidiarrhoeal activity of loperamide: studies of its influence on ion transport across rabbit ileal mucosa in vitro. Gut; 1982; 23(11): 974–979.