Major Depressive Disorder, Correlates and Quality of life amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in patients attending General Out Patients of a Tertiary Hospital, North Central Nigeria
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Abstract
Studies have shown high rate of symptoms of depression during COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder and Quality of Life within clinical settings. This study, therefore, looked at the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder, Sociodemographic factors and its association with Quality of Life. The cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among patients attending General Out Patients Department of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) from June to August, 2020.The study consisted of 361 participants among which 93(25.8%) had depression and 268(74.2%) were without depression. The age range was 18 to 76 years with the mean (SD) being 31±10 years. There were 181(50.1%) males and 180(49.9%) females with mean (SD) of 32±10 and 31±10 respectively with no significant statistical difference (p = 0.238). The characteristics of the participants were similar between those with depression and those without depression except for monthly income (p = 0.01), Perceived impact of COVID-19 related stress (p = 0.001) and change in alcohol consumption (p = 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that the significant predictor variables were: gender with females slightly more than the males to have depression (p = 0.05), those with perceived high impact of COVID-19 related stress were 7.6 times more likely to develop depression than those with perceived low impact (p = 0.001) and those who reported increased consumption of alcohol amidst COVID-19 were 3.6 times more likely to have depression than those who did not drink alcohol (p = 0.001). This high prevalence of depression calls for an urgent need to develop programmes and tools targeting this vulnerable group of general out patients' attendees. Furthermore, educational sensitization and awareness, and up to date information on COVID-19 which is still eminent should be provided to reduce the impact of perceived stress related to the pandemic.
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