Effects of Omega 3 and Selenium on Hemotoxicity Induced by HAART in Wistar Rats
Article Sidebar
:
Main Article Content
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or combination antiretroviral therapy is a treatment regimen typically comprising of combination of three or more drugs from two or more classes of antiretroviral drugs. HAART-induced haemotoxicity is well reported with oxidative stress partly blamed for the insult on tissues. There is paucity of information on the possible ameliorating effects of common antioxidants (Omega 3 and Selenium) on HAART-induced haemotoxicity in wistar rats and hence this study. Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing 120 – 250g used for the study were divided into four groups of 4 rats each viz group 1 (control), group 2 (HAART-only), group 3 (HAART + Omega 3) and group 4 (HAART + Selenium). Duration of daily administration and treatment was six weeks. Results showed a significantly decreased (p<0.05) red blood cell count in the HAART-only group compared with control but which was significantly increased in the HAART + Omega 3 and HAART+Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p<0.05 in each case). Haemoglobin concentration was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the HAART-only group compared with control but significantly increased in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p<0.05). Packed cell volume was significantly reduced in the HAART-only group compared with control but which was significantly higher in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in mean corpuscular volume among the groups. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin was significantly reduced in the HAART-only group compared with the control (p<0.05). Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the HAART-only group compared with control but increased in the HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05 in each case). We therefore conclude that co-administration of Omega 3 or Selenium ameliorates HAART-induced haemotoxicity in Wistar rats.
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Eggleton JS, Nagalli S. Highly Active Retroviral Therapy (HAART). Statpearle Publishing. Treasure Island (FL): 2021. www.nchi.nim.nih.govtbooks.
National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA . HIV/AIDS Research Report. What is HAART? https://www.drugabuse.gov./publications, 2020.
Heath KV, Montaner JJS, G., Bondy G, Singer J, O’Shaughnessy MV, Hogg R. S. Emergency Drug Toxicities of Highly Active Antiretroviral. Therapy for Human. Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. Current Drug Targets. 2003;4(1): 13 – 22.
Wondimnew T, Gnanasekaran N, Genet S.. Effect of Ethiopian Highland green tea (Cainellia sinensis) leaf extract on highly active anti-retroviral therapy-induced dyslipidemia in Albino wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 2018;10(4): 85 – 90.
Mulata HN, Gnanasekaran NN, Molaku U. Daniel S. Effect of Calpurnia aurea seed extract on HAART – induced hemotoxicity in Albino wistar rats. Journal of International Blood Research and Reviews 2015;33(2): 66 – 75.
World Health Organization,.WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction. 4th Edition Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.2000. https//www.aab.org.,images/WHO%204th%20manual.pdf .
Kwara A, Flanigan, TP. Carter EJ.. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in adults with tuberculosis: Current status. The International Journal of
Tuberculosis vand Lung Disease 2005;9(3): 248 – 257.
Oyeyipo I.P, Skosana BT., Everson FP., Strijdom H. and du Plessis S S. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Alters Sperm Parameters and Testicular Antioxidant status in Diet-induced obese rats. Toxicological Research. 2018;34(1): 41 – 48.
Naiho AO, Nwaokolo KM, Odigie MO. Zidoudine therapy: effect(s) or histology of the kidney of wistar rats. International Journal of Herbs and Pharmacological Research, 2014; 3(4): 60 – 67.
Spenglar U, Lichterfield M. Rockstroh JK. Antiretroviral Drug Toxicity – a challenge for the hepatologist? Journal of Hepatology. 2002; 36(2): 283 – 294.
Khawcharoenpom T, Shikuma CM, Williams A.E Chow D. Lamivudine – Associated Macrocytosis in HIV – infected patients. International Journal of SDS and AIDS, 2007; 18: 39 – 40.
Montessori V, Press N, Harris M, Akagi L., Montaner JSG. Adverse effect of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. CMAT. 2004; 170(2): 229 – 238.
Viiv Health Care. Highlights of Prescribing Information (online) 2010. ://www.combivir.com.
Kayode EM, Usiegbod, DO, Ajiboye ME, Omonye IS,, Febut, MN ,Buru AS. Assessment of Effects of Antirotroviral Therapy on Haemotological parameters in HIV positive individuals in Zaria. J. AIDS and HIV Res. 2020; 12(2): 17 – 23.
John MA, Khemtula YA, Merezes CN, Grobusch MP. Lamivudine-induced Red Cell Aplasia. J. Med. Microbiol. 2008; 57(8): 1032 – 1035.
Nakamura K, Tateyama M., Tasota ,D, Haranaga S, Tamayose M, Yara S,, Higa F. Fujita J. Pure Red Cell Aplasia induced by Lamivudine without the influence of Zidovudine in a patient infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Intern. Med. 2014; 53(15): 1705 – 1708.
Havlickova K, Snopkova S, Pohamka M, Svacinka RJ, Zlamal F, Fabianova L ,Husa P. Antioxidants in patients living with HIV on Antiretrovirals. Military Medical Science Letters – MMSL. 2021; 90(2): 45 – 60.
Sharma B. Oxidative stress in HIV patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Current HIV Research. 2014; 12(1): 1 – 8.
Gil H, Tarinas A, Hernandez D .... Altered oxidative stress indexes related to disease progression marker in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with antiretroviral therapy. Biomedicine and Aging Pathology. 2012; 1(1): 8-15.
Ivanov AV, Valuv-Elliston YT, Ivanova ON, Kochetkov SN, Staroduboxa ES, Bartosch,B, Isanguliants MG. Oxidative stress during HIV infection: Mechanism and consequences. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2016; Art ID. 8910396. 1 – 18.
Nair AB ,and Jacob S. A simple practice Guide for Dose Conversion between Animals and Humans. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy. 2016; 7(2): 27 – 31.
Aksunga FB, Arslan FD, Avci E, Aykal G, Coskun C, Qmaroglu I, Colak A, Eker P, Gumus A, Glicel F, Hakligor A, Inal BB, Orhan B, Sonmez, C, Semes M, Taneli F and Yilmas C. (2020). Guideline for complete blood count in Medical Laboratories: Effects of Preanalytical Parameters. Turkish Biochemical Society. Ankara, Turkey. https://www.eflm.eusturkey.2021-blood-count.
Gammone MA, Riccioni G, Parrinello G, D'Orazio N.. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sports. Nutrients 2018; 11(1),46:1-26.
Glick, NR.Fischer MH. The role of essential fatty acids in human health. J. Evidence-Based Compementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;18(4): 268 – 289.
Yang R Liu Y. Structure, function and nutrition of selenium – containing proteins from foodstuffs. Mineral containing Proteins. 1: 89 – 116.