Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Citrus sinensis L., Citrus limon L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Article Sidebar

Download PDF Abstract HTML
Published: Apr 12, 2021
: https://doi.org/10.46912/wjmbs.31
Keywords:
Postharvest losses, Pathogens, Bacteria isolates, Antibacterial activity, Sweet potato rot

Main Article Content

JJ Oloche
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-0130
AD Gabriel
Department of Chemistry, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria and Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria.
ST Ubwa
Department of Chemistry, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria and Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria
RA Amokaha
Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria

Abstract

Postharvest loss is a serious problem in Nigeria and a major drawback towards food security. Hence, discovery of potential agents capable of minimizing postharvest loss is urgently needed. This research is directed at investigating the in vivo antimicrobial activity of essential oils against bacterial pathogens isolated from Ipomoea batatas Lam. Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) and Citrus limon (lemon) peels and Zingiber officinale (ginger) essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation and their chemical constituents determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Morphological and biochemical methods were employed for bacterial identification. A total of 22 terpenes were identified with Citrus sinensis comprising of 13 monoterpenes, 8 sesquiterpenes and 1 diterpene. Citrus limon had 31 terpenes 15 of which are monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes and 1 diterpene while a total of 30 terpenes were identified with Zingiber officinale comprising of 12 monoterpenes and 18 sesquiterpenes. Three of the four isolated bacteria identified from Hannah sweet potato were pathogenic: Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus licheniformis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pseudomonas fluorescens was more sensitivity to the essential oils at (p≤0.05). Citrus sinensis (64.29%) was three fold more active than Citrus limon (21.43%), while Zingiber officinale (53.57%) was two and a half fold more active than Citrus limon. Results obtained in this study showed that essential oils extracted from Citrus sinensis and Zingiber officinale exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against bacterial induced sweet potato rot. Therefore, essential oils extracted from Zingiber officinale and Citrus sinensis could be used to control postharvest bacteria induced rots in injured sweet potatoes.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Oloche J, Gabriel A, Ubwa S, Amokaha R. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Citrus sinensis L., Citrus limon L. and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Wes J Med Biomed Sci [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 12 [cited 2024 Apr. 29];2(1):5-16. Available from: https://wjmbs.com.ng/index.php/wjmbs/article/view/31
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Adult Haematological Malignancies in a Tertiary Hospital
Section
Original Article
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

1. Umunna OE, Anselem AB. Control of postharvest rot of sweet potato tuber in vitro and in vivo. J Agric and Sust 2014; 1(6):50 - 68.
2. Agu KC, Nweke GU, Awah NS, Okeke BC, Mgbemena ICC, Okigbo RN, et al. Fungi associated with the postharvest loss of sweet potato. Intl J Res Stud Biosci 2015; 9(3):33-38.
3. Tijjani A, Adebitan SA, Gurama AU, Aliyu M, Dawakiji AY, Haruna SG, et al. Efficacy of some botanicals for the control of wet rot disease on mechanically injured sweet potato caused by Rhizopus stolonifer in Bauchi State. Intl J Sci and Res 2013; 6(3):2250-3153.
4. Arya A. Recent advances in the management of plant pathogens: Botanicals in the fungal pest management. In: Arya A, Perello AE (ed) Management of fungal plant pathogens UK, CAB International: 2010; 1-25pp.
5. Oduola AA, Awojobi KO, Adeyemo SM. Microorganisms associated with postharvest spoilage of sweet potatoes in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. J Microbiol Res 2018; 8(1):1-8.
6. Suleiman MN, Falaiye TN. In vitro control of fungus associated with bio-deterioration of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) tubers. FUTA J Res Sci 2013; (1):1-7.
7. Banso A. Effects of extracts of Monodora myristica and Zingiber officinale on the growth of fungi in sweet potato. Afr J Microbiol Res 2009; 3(9):487-490.
8. Amodu US, Akpa A. Evaluation of some plant extracts for the control of bacterial soft rot of tubers. A J Exp Agric 2014; 12(4):1869-1876.
9. Onuh JO, Shiriki D, Ubwa ST, Shambe T (2015) Isolation of six microorganisms from rotten Discorea alata (water yam), and antimicrobial sensitivity test with nine plant extracts. Food and Nutr Sci (6):1381-1394.
10. Njoku VI, Evbuomwan BO. Analysis and comparative study of essential oil extracted from Nigerian orange, Lemon and Lime peels. Greener J Chem Sci and Technol 2014; 1(1):006 - 014.
11. Janati SSF, Beheshti HR, Feizy J, Fahim NK. Chemical composition of lemon (Citrus limon) and peels its considerations as animal food. GIDA 2017; 37(5):267-271.
12. Oladoye CO, Olaoye OA, Connerton IF. Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with spoilage of sweet potatoes during post-harvest storage. Intl J Agric and Food Sci 2013; 3(1):10-15.
13. Gaffa T, Azoro C. Bacteriology for Biologists, Caterers and Food Technologists. Kaduna, Nigeria: 2005. 74-110pp.
14. Schaad NW (1988) Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Schaad NW (ed) 2rd Edn., APS press St. Paul. Minnesota, USA. pp 1-58.
15. Suslow TV, Schroth MN, Isaka M. Application of a rapid method for Gram differentiation of plant pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria without staining. Phytopathol, 1982; 72:917-998.
16. Hayward AC. Identification of Pseudomonas solanacearum. In SAVERNET bacterial wilt Training Course held on October 5 to November 16 AVRDC, 1992; 101.
17. Kovacs N. Identification of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature 1956; 178(4525):703.
18. Al-Zomor R, Khlaif H, Akash M. Detection and Identification of Erwinia carotovora sub sp. Atroseptica (Van Hall, 1902) the Causal Agent of Potato Blackleg by RFLP-PCR. Jordan J Agric Sci 2013; 9(2):170-183.
19. Perombelon MCM, Hyman LJ. Serological methods to quantify potato seed contamination by Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. Eur and Medit Plt Protection Org (EPPO) Bulletin 1995; 25:195-202.
20. Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Biological activities and safety of Citrus spp. Essential oils. Intl J Mol Sci 2018; (19):1-25.
21. Cholke PB, Bhor AK, Shete AM, Sonawane RK. Extraction and GC-MS analysis of orange (Citrus sinensis) peel oil. Res J Life Sci, Bioinfo Pharm and Chem Sci 2017; 2(5):41-51.
22. Obidi OF, Adelowotan AO, Ayoola GA, Johnson OO, Hassan MO, Nwachukwu SCU. Antimicrobial Activity of Orange Oil on Selected Pathogens. The Intl J Biotechnol 2013; 2(6):113- 122.
23. Moosavy MH, Hassanzadeh P, Mohammadzadeh E, Mahmoudi R, Khatibi SA, Mardani K. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Lemon (Citrus limon) peel in vitro and in a food model. J Food Qual and Haz Contl 2017; (4):42-48.
24. Sharma KP, Singh V, Ali M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of fresh rhizome essential oil of Zingiber officinale. Pharmacog J 2016; 3(8):185-190. doi: 10.5530/pj.2016.3.3.