Clinical and Laboratory Features of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: A Cohort Study.
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Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a clonal haematological condition characterized by marked leukocytosis, with preponderance of leucocyte series at different levels of maturation. Bone marrow suppression with symptomatic cytopaenias and end-organ dysfunction have been reported in patients with CML, particularly in those with hyperleukocytosis or advanced disease. Objectives: This study aimed to highlight the spectrum of laboratory and clinical features of Nigerian patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia, at presentation. Methodology: This is a retrospective study which involved patients with CML seen in our facility over a six (6) year period between 2004 and 2010. The study was registered and approved by our institutional review board. The case records of all confirmed, Ph/BCR-ABL1-positive CML cases were retrieved from the departmental archives and information such as age, gender, degree of organomegaly, full blood count, results of biochemical parameters (liver and renal function tests, uric acid) and disease stage were extracted and recorded in a case proforma. Results: A total of 266 patients' case records; 157 males and 109 females (M:F = 1.4) was reviewed. in this study. Patients in the 21-40 years age group had the highest representation. More study patients had massive splenomegaly, compared with those with massive hepatomegaly; 62.7% vs. 14.1%. The proportion of study patients with chronic, accelerated and blastic phases of CML were 86.7%, 12.7% and 0.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The age at presentation of CML in our patients was earlier than previously reported among Caucasians. Majority of our patients presented in chronic phase had hyperleucocytosis with very few biochemical evidence of hepatic and renal impairment.
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